PCP
DisociativosC61-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine
Estructura molecular
Datos: PubChem CID 6468 — National Library of Medicine
Efectos
Mecanismo de acción
Antagonista no competitivo del receptor NMDA de glutamato. Se une al sitio de fenciclidina dentro del canal iónico, bloqueándolo en estado abierto. También inhibe la recaptación de dopamina a través del DAT y actúa sobre receptores sigma-1 y sigma-2. El bloqueo NMDA produce disociación, analgesia y alteraciones perceptuales; la activación dopaminérgica contribuye a los efectos psicotomiméticos.
Vida media
Vida media prolongada y variable de 7-46 horas (promedio 21 horas). La larga vida media contribuye a efectos psicóticos prolongados y acumulación con dosis repetidas.
Toxicidad
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Phencyclidine (PCP) is a white, crystalline powder. It is a Schedule II Controlled Substance. PCP was formerly used as a preinduction anesthetic and as an animal tranquilizer. It has no current medical indications, although it is still used illegally as a hallucinogen. HUMAN STUDIES: PCP causes distortion of perception and produces a feeling of detachment of dissociation from the user's surroundings and self. It is not a classic hallucinogen but better described as a dissociative agent or anesthetic. The hallmark of PCP toxicity is the recurring delusion of superhuman strength and invulnerability resulting from both its anesthetic and dissociative properties. There are case reports of patients presenting with trauma either from jumping from high altitudes, fighting large crowds or the police, or self-mutilation. Children have become intoxicated by ingesting the butts of used PCP-impregnated cigarettes or from passive inhalation of sidestream smoke. Children aged 5 years and younger often present with lethargy, severe depression of consciousness, ataxia, nystagmus, and staring episodes. Presenting signs may also include apnea, seizures, opisthotonos, and choreoathetosis. Miosis may be present. In children, unexplained stupor or coma, seizures, ataxia, nystagmus, strange behavior, staring spells, or unusual posturing can indicate possible PCP intoxication. Patients may present with various combinations of CNS stimulation and depression, cholinergic and anticholinergic effects, and adrenergic effects. The most common physical findings are nystagmus (horizontal, vertical, or rotatory) and hypertension. Respiratory depression and aspiration may also occur. Some patients display evidence of nystagmus, ataxia, loss of muscle coordination, and vital sign abnormalities without obvious signs of behavioral toxicity. Irritability, hypertonicity, poor feeding, and abnormal neurobehavior have been reported in newborns of phencyclidine abusing mothers. ANIM
Farmacología
Anestésico disociativo de uso veterinario retirado de la práctica clínica humana por efectos psicotomiméticos severos. Produce disociación, analgesia, agitación, nistagmo, comportamiento violento y estados psicóticos prolongados. Vida media larga y variable (7-46 h). A dosis altas: catalepsia, convulsiones, coma y muerte. Almacenamiento en tejido adiposo permite recurrencia de efectos.
Efectos en el organismo
Farmacocinética
Vida media prolongada y variable de 7-46 horas (promedio 21 horas)
1-2 horas (oral), 15-30 minutos (fumado)
4-8 horas (dosis bajas), hasta 48 horas (dosis altas)
5-15 minutos (fumado), 30-60 minutos (oral)
Fumado: ~50-80%, Oral: ~50-70%
Hígado
Renal (principalmente metabolitos)
6.2 L/kg
Cronología farmacocinética
Riesgos para la salud — Calculadora de dosis
Advertencias
- Riesgo extremo de comportamiento violento y autolesivo
- Síndrome de abstinencia severo tras uso crónico
- Efectos impredecibles y prolongados
- Riesgo de trauma físico por percepción alterada de invulnerabilidad
Combinaciones peligrosas
Riesgo Individual (IPRS)
Alto
IPRS v4 · escalar normalizado [0, 1]
AltoModelo IPRS calculado: 20 de octubre de 2018
Fuentes de datos de dosificación
Los rangos de dosificación fueron compilados a partir de Goodman & Gilman's (14ª ed.), Rang & Dale (9ª ed.) y publicaciones indexadas en PubMed. Los valores representan promedios poblacionales para la vía de administración principal y no consideran variabilidad individual, tolerancia, peso corporal ni interacciones.