MDA
PsicodélicosC61-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propan-2-amine
Estructura molecular
Datos: PubChem CID 1614 — National Library of Medicine
Efectos
Mecanismo de acción
Promueve la liberación de serotonina, dopamina y noradrenalina a través de los transportadores de monoaminas (SERT, DAT, NET). También es agonista del receptor TAAR1. A diferencia del MDMA, tiene mayor actividad serotoninérgica 5-HT2A directa, lo que le confiere propiedades más psicodélicas. Inhibe la recaptación de monoaminas de forma similar a las anfetaminas.
Vida media
Vida media plasmática de 8-12 horas. Metabolismo hepático extenso vía CYP2D6.
Toxicidad
Designer drugs of the amphetamine type (eg, ... MDA) ... have gained popularity and notoriety as rave drugs. ... A variety of adverse effects have been associated with the use/abuse of this class of drugs in humans, including a life-threatening serotonin syndrome, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and psychopathology. Lethality to both isolated and aggregated mice was determined for graded ip doses of d-amphetamine, dl-4-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), dl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA), dl-2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB), dl-2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) and dl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). Haloperidol (2.0 mg/kg), propranolol (10 mg/kg) and phenoxybenzamine (30 mg/kg) were tested for ability to antagonize the lethal effects of amphetamine and its derivatives. Considerable protection against amphetamine lethality was produced by haloperidol in both isolated and aggregated mice and by phenoxybenzamine in isolated mice, but propranolol was ineffective. An equivalent degree of protection was not achieved by use of any of the three agents before PMA, DMA or DOB. Protection against DOM was achieved only with phenoxybenzamine and only for isolated mice. Extensive protection against MDA was supplied by both phenoxybenzamine and propranolol for either condition of housing. ... Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if need
Farmacología
Anfetamina psicodélica empatógena con actividad mixta serotoninérgica y dopaminérgica. Produce empatía, euforia, y efectos psicodélicos más pronunciados que el MDMA. Duración de 6-10 horas. Mayor neurotoxicidad serotoninérgica que el MDMA. Precursor del MDMA (se metaboliza parcialmente a MDMA in vivo). Clasificada como sustancia controlada Schedule I.
Efectos en el organismo
Farmacocinética
Vida media plasmática de 8-12 horas
1-2 horas
6-10 horas
30-60 minutos (oral)
Oral: ~70-80%
Hígado
Renal
Absorción oral rápida. Volumen de distribución estimado de 5-7 L/kg. Metabolismo hepático extenso vía CYP2D6. Alta biodisponibilidad oral.
Cronología farmacocinética
Riesgos para la salud — Calculadora de dosis
Advertencias
- Mayor neurotoxicidad que MDMA
- Síndrome serotoninérgico potencialmente mortal
- Riesgo elevado de hipertermia maligna
- Efectos más intensos y prolongados que MDMA
- Redistribución postmortem significativa
Combinaciones peligrosas
Riesgo Individual (IPRS)
Alto
IPRS v4 · escalar normalizado [0, 1]
AltoModelo IPRS calculado: 20 de octubre de 2018
Fuentes de datos de dosificación
Los rangos de dosificación fueron compilados a partir de Goodman & Gilman's (14ª ed.), Rang & Dale (9ª ed.) y publicaciones indexadas en PubMed. Los valores representan promedios poblacionales para la vía de administración principal y no consideran variabilidad individual, tolerancia, peso corporal ni interacciones.