Cannabis
HerbariasC4(6aR,10aR)-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol
Estructura molecular
Datos: PubChem CID 16078 — National Library of Medicine
Efectos
Mecanismo de acción
El delta-9-THC (componente psicoactivo principal) actúa como agonista parcial de los receptores cannabinoides CB1 (predominantes en SNC) y CB2 (sistema inmunitario). La activación de CB1 presinápticos reduce la liberación de neurotransmisores (glutamato, GABA, acetilcolina, dopamina). Esto altera la cognición, memoria, coordinación motora, percepción del dolor y el apetito.
Vida media
La vida media del delta-9-THC (compuesto activo principal) es de 1.6-59 horas dependiendo de la frecuencia de uso. En usuarios infrecuentes: ~1.3 días; en usuarios frecuentes: ~5-13 días.
Toxicidad
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, dronabinol) is light yellow resinous oil. This is a Schedule I controlled substance in the USA. The only legal medical application for marijuana is to reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy for cancer patients, some patients have been given THC to reduce the pressure in the eye from glaucoma. HUMAN STUDIES: An oral dose of 20 mg of delta-9-THC or the smoking of a cigarette containing 2% delta-9-THC produces effects on mood, memory, motor coordination, cognitive ability, sensorium, time sense, and self-perception. Most commonly there is an increased sense of well-being or euphoria, accompanied by feelings of relaxation and sleepiness when subjects are alone; where users can interact, sleepiness is less pronounced and there is often spontaneous laughter. Short-term memory is impaired, and there is a deterioration in capacity to carry out tasks requiring multiple mental steps to reach a specific goal. High doses of delta 9-THC can induce frank hallucinations, delusions, and paranoid feelings. Thinking becomes confused and disorganized; depersonalization and altered time sense are accentuated. Anxiety reaching panic proportions may replace euphoria, often as a result of the feeling that the drug-induced state will never end. With high enough doses, the clinical picture is that of a toxic psychosis with hallucinations, depersonalization, and loss of insight; this can occur acutely or only after months of use. Clinical manifestations due to marijuana smoking have included long-term impairment of memory in adolescents, a sixfold increase in the incidence of schizophrenia, cancer of the mouth, jaw, tongue, and lungs in 19- to 30-year olds, fetotoxicity, and nonlymphoblastic leukemia in children of marijuana-smoking mothers. Studies of aircraft pilot performance following the smoking of one cigarette containing 20 mg of THC suggest that impairment of performance can last as long as 24 hours after smoking. The us
Farmacología
Droga psicoactiva derivada de Cannabis sativa/indica. El THC produce euforia, alteración de la percepción temporal, aumento del apetito, analgesia y relajación. Uso medicinal aprobado para náuseas por quimioterapia (dronabinol), espasticidad en esclerosis múltiple (nabiximols) y epilepsia refractaria (CBD). Riesgo de dependencia psicológica y síndrome amotivacional con uso crónico.
Efectos en el organismo
Farmacocinética
La vida media del delta-9-THC (compuesto activo principal) es de 1
2-4 horas (oral), 5-15 minutos (inhalado)
4-6 horas psicoactivos, hasta 24 horas estimulación apetito
0.5-1 hora (oral), inmediato (inhalado)
Oral: 6-20%, Inhalado: 18-50%
Hígado
Renal y biliar, metabolitos hasta 50 horas
Alto, amplia distribución tisular
Cronología farmacocinética
Riesgos para la salud — Calculadora de dosis
Advertencias
- Riesgo de psicosis tóxica con dosis altas
- Deterioro cognitivo puede durar 24 horas
- Desarrollo de tolerancia y dependencia
- Riesgo aumentado en adolescentes
- Efectos fetotóxicos en embarazo
Combinaciones peligrosas
Riesgo Individual (IPRS)
Moderado
IPRS v4 · escalar normalizado [0, 1]
ModeradoModelo IPRS calculado: 20 de octubre de 2018
Fuentes de datos de dosificación
Los rangos de dosificación fueron compilados a partir de Goodman & Gilman's (14ª ed.), Rang & Dale (9ª ed.) y publicaciones indexadas en PubMed. Los valores representan promedios poblacionales para la vía de administración principal y no consideran variabilidad individual, tolerancia, peso corporal ni interacciones.